Principles of Marketing Essay

 (Separation Learning) Semester Course Leader Office Location Phone Email Meeting Hours : February 2014 : Normaziah Che Musa : FBIT, UNITAR International University, Level 12, Wing A, Tierra Crest, Jalan SS3/6, Kelana Jaya, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor DE. : 03-7627 7265 : normaziah@unitar.my : Wednesday: 9.00 am †11.00 am and 3.00 pm †5.00 pm or then again By Appointment Course Synopsis This course is intended to acquaint understudies with showcasing standards and practices. Accentuation will be put on advertising with regards to the firm and society. The course content incorporates an investigation of the connection among showcasing and society, nature and elements of advertising, promoting the board forms, promoting devices, the business sectors, and the shoppers. Course Objectives The primary objective of the course is to give a review of the essential standards hidden current advertising hypothesis and practice. It will furnish members with a comprehension of the examination that is essential for taking promoting choices, and the wide scope of components (and associations of those elements) that should be considered in the structure of a showcasing program. Understudies should leave away with this course with a comprehension of the showcasing framework and its job inside the Malaysian economy and inside an individual firm by concentrating how items and administrations are arranged, estimated, advanced, and appropriated so as to fulfill consumers’ needs. Learning Outcomes Endless supply of the course, understudies ought to have the option to: ï‚ · characterize and apply information on the key promoting ideas. ï‚ · clarify how promoting choices are affected by condition, patterns and improvements. ï‚ · talk about the variables impacting customer conduct. ï‚ · examine the manners by which item, estimating, place (dissemination), and advancement influence promoting . ï‚ · compose a basic advertising plan. Required Materials ï‚ · Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2012), Principles of Marketing, fourteenth Edition, Pearson. Discretionary/Additional Materials ï‚ · ï‚ · Nor Khalidah Abu and Yusniza Kamarulzaman (2013). Oxford Revision Series: Principles of Marketing, (second ed), Oxford University Press, Shah Alam. Sheep, C.W., Hair, J.F. and McDaniel, C. (2012). Basics of Marketing, seventh ed., South-Western CENGAGAE Learning, USA. Course Assessment Coursework (Assignments/Group Project) : 40% Gatherings Last Examination : : 10% half All out 100% Course Requirements and Policies ï‚ · Participation Participation will be taken. Understudies are relied upon to go up to class on time as to stay away from unsettling influences and being late for taking an interest in the class conversations. Participation strategy will be founded on strategies expressed in the university’s Academic Regulation. ï‚ · Class Participation Understudies are urged to partake as a significant part of the taking in will originate from conversation during class. It is normal that you switch off your hand telephone! â€Å"SMSing† is completely restricted! During class, you might be required to join as members in advertising research ventures. It would be ideal if you dress acceptably and properly (as indicated by university’s clothing regulations) when going to classes. ï‚ · Gathering ventures and Assignments There will be bunch ventures and assignments. For bunch venture, work along with your gathering individuals and toward the finish of the venture your gathering individuals will evaluate your commitment to the undertaking. You are required to do a gathering introduction before accommodation of composed duplicate during the semester. Assignments will be transferred in UNIEC. In class assignments must be submitted on the predefined date else you might be punished for late accommodation. In the event that you experience any issue to submit assignments on the particular date, you are required to advise the instructor inside 2 days regarding the predetermined date. For any sort composed assignments given, the arrangement of the paper ought to be as per the following: ï‚ § A spread page with your subtleties †Name, Student ID and Sections ( as enlisted in CMS) ï‚ § Font: Time New Roman , size 12 with 1.5 dispersing ï‚ § Include a reference page for each task that you submitted. ï‚ · Gatherings Understudies are required to take an interest in ALL 3 gatherings posted by the Course Leader and imprints will be relegated dependent on the nature of the conversation. ï‚ · Getting to/Checking UNIEC Virtual It is most extreme significant for understudies to access and check their UNIEC Virtual for any updates and data relating to the course routinely all through the semester. Numbness is NO EXCUSE. Assessment Format Last assessment will be a three hours-assessment. The test will assess your degree of comprehension and information gained in this course. The inquiry arrangements may comprise of numerous decision, genuine bogus, short articles, and case-based issues. Week Themes Secured Diagram 1 2 3 4 Theme 1: Promoting: Overseeing Gainful Client Relationship Theme 2: The Promoting Condition furthermore, the Promoting Data Theme 3: Shopper Markets and Shopper Purchaser Conduct Themes/Activities Comments/ Cutoff times Presentation. Class exercises: †Getting to know. †Overview obviously plan. Showcasing: Managing Profitable Customer Relationship ï‚ · Definitions of showcasing ï‚ · Basic ideas of showcasing ï‚ · Evolutions of showcasing ï‚ · Relationship showcasing ï‚ · Marketing procedure and the advertising blend ï‚ · Marketing Challenges later on Peruse: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 1 ï‚ · Harley-Davidson case. Section see p158. Class exercises: ï‚ · Discuss perusing materials Topic 1 ï‚ · Discuss Harley Davidson work out. The Marketing Environment and Marketing Data ï‚ · Company’s Microenvironments ï‚ · Company’s Macroenvironments ï‚ · Marketing research process Peruse: Gathering 1 ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 3 and 4 ï‚ · Real Marketing 4.2 ‘Tracking shoppers on the Web: Smart focusing on or a little creepy’. p 151 Class exercises: ï‚ · Discuss perusing materials Topic 2 ï‚ · Discuss ‘Prius: Leading a Wave of Hybrids’ case Shopper Markets and Business Market ï‚ § Consumer Buying Behavior ï‚ § Consumer Decision-production Process ï‚ § Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior ï‚ § The Organizational Market ï‚ § The Organizational Buying Process ï‚ § Factors Affecting Organizational Buying Behavior Peruse: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 5 and 6 ï‚ · Real Marketing 5.2 ‘Lexus: Delighting Customers After the Sale to Keep Them Coming Back’, p 180. ï‚ · Real Marketing 6.2 ‘International Marketing Manners: When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do’, p 203. Class exercises: ï‚ · ï‚ · 5 Subject 4: Making Incentive To Target Clients Talk about perusing materials Topic 3 Talk about ‘Arabic Blackberry: Adapting to the language of the market’ Making Value To Target Customers ï‚ · Market Segmentation Bases ï‚ · Market Targeting ï‚ · Differentiation and Positioning Peruse: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 7 ï‚ · Real Marketing 7.2 ‘Dunkin’ Donuts: Positioning for the Average Joe’ p 235. Class exercises: ï‚ · Discuss perusing materials Topic 4 Item ï‚ · Levels and groupings of item ï‚ · New item improvement ï‚ · Product life cycle stages ï‚ · Product and administration choices ï‚ · Service advertising 6 Subject 5: Item and Administrations Peruse: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 8 and 9 ï‚ · Chapter see ‘Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy’, p 214. ï‚ · Chapter review ‘New Product Development’, p 280. Industry Linkages: Submit Gathering Task 1 Class exercises: ï‚ · Discuss perusing materials Topic 5 ï‚ · Discuss ‘Britvic: Creating a brand flavor’ case, p 278. Item ï‚ · Levels and orders of item ï‚ · New item advancement ï‚ · Product life cycle stages ï‚ · Product and administration choices ï‚ · Service advertising 7 Subject 5: Item and Administrations Peruse: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 8 and 9 ï‚ · Chapter see ‘Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy’, p 214. ï‚ · Chapter see ‘New Product Development’, p 280. Class exercises: ï‚ · Discuss perusing materials Topic 5 ï‚ · Discuss ‘Britvic: Creating a brand flavor’ case, p 278. 8 9 MID SEMESTER BREAK Subject 6: Estimating Estimating ï‚ · Objective of Pricing ï‚ · Factors impacting cost ï‚ · Pricing procedures and strategies Discussion 2 ï‚ · Exceptional valuing issues Peruse: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 10 and 11 ï‚ · Real Marketing 10.0 ‘Ryanair: Pricing low and Proud of it’, p 318. ï‚ · Real Marketing 10.2 ‘Pricing high and Proud of it’, p 325. ï‚ · Real advertising 11.1 ‘Pricing Dishonesty?’, p 342 10 Subject 7: Spot Class exercises: ï‚ · Discuss perusing materials Topic 6 ï‚ · Exercise Price Spot ï‚ · Marketing channel ï‚ · The significance of middle people ï‚ · Functions and exercises of showcasing channel part ï‚ · Channel Design Decisions ï‚ · Marketing Logistics and Supply Chain Management ï‚ · The job of wholesaling ï‚ · Different kinds of distributer ï‚ · The job of retailing ï‚ · Different kinds of retail activities Gathering 3 Peruse: ï‚ · Kotler: Chapter 12 and 13 ï‚ · Chapter review ‘Marketing Channels’, p 360. ï‚ · Real Marketing 12.1 ‘Netflix: Disintermediator or disimtermediated?’ p 372 11 12 Point 8: Advancement Point 8: Advancement Class exercises: ï‚ · Discuss perusing materials Topic 7 ï‚ · Discuss ‘Zara: The Technology Giant of the design world†, p 390. Advancement ï‚ · Promotion Mix †Advertising, Public Relations, Personal Selling, Sales Advancement, Direct and Online Marketing ï‚ · Integrated M

Free Essays on Aspects Of Initiation In Hemingways Short Fiction

1. Presentation 2. What is an 'account of commencement? 2.1 Origins of the term 2.2 Theoretic ways to deal with the commencement subject in writing 2.2.1 Views on the attributes of accounts of commencement 2.2.2 The part of development in accounts of inception 2.2.3 The part of impact in accounts of inception 3. Examination of Hemingways short fiction 3.1 Childhood: Indian Camp 3.2 Adolescence: The Battler 3.3 Maturity: Fathers and Sons 4. End List of sources A run of the mill Nick Adams story is [one] of an inception [...]. (Youthful, 96) 1. Presentation This paper will be worried about the inquiry whether - and assuming this is the case, why - Hemingways Nick Adams stories can be viewed as accounts of inception. As the above reference appears, the chance of perusing Hemingways short fiction as accounts of inception is bolstered in abstract hypothesis. There are, notwithstanding, a few discussions on this theme, which can be found in the paper What is an Initiation Story? by Mordecai Marcus (1976), for instance. The accompanying report will manage three chose short stories by Ernest Hemingway focussing on the hero Nick Adams, in particular ,,Indian Camp, ,,The Battler and ,,Fathers and Sons. These accounts have been chosen because of the way that they give a delegate disregard on various sections of life of the hero, which are youth, puberty and development. In this manner, they are appropriate for examination of constituents and qualities of accounts of inception. Besides, their various subjects just as courses of action offer a wide scope of material for examination. As the investigation will concentrate on the meaning of accounts of inception and the machine of these standards on Hemingways short fiction, different parts of translation (for example the regularly referenced self-portraying content or complex gadgets which are trademark for Hemingways I... Free Essays on Aspects Of Initiation In Hemingways Short Fiction Free Essays on Aspects Of Initiation In Hemingways Short Fiction 1. Presentation 2. What is an 'account of commencement? 2.1 Origins of the term 2.2 Theoretic ways to deal with the inception subject in writing 2.2.1 Views on the attributes of accounts of inception 2.2.2 The part of development in accounts of inception 2.2.3 The part of impact in accounts of inception 3. Examination of Hemingways short fiction 3.1 Childhood: Indian Camp 3.2 Adolescence: The Battler 3.3 Maturity: Fathers and Sons 4. End List of sources A run of the mill Nick Adams story is [one] of an inception [...]. (Youthful, 96) 1. Presentation This paper will be worried about the inquiry whether - and provided that this is true, why - Hemingways Nick Adams stories can be viewed as accounts of inception. As the above reference appears, the chance of perusing Hemingways short fiction as accounts of inception is bolstered in artistic hypothesis. There are, be that as it may, a few contentions on this point, which can be found in the article What is an Initiation Story? by Mordecai Marcus (1976), for instance. The accompanying report will manage three chose short stories by Ernest Hemingway focussing on the hero Nick Adams, to be specific ,,Indian Camp, ,,The Battler and ,,Fathers and Sons. These accounts have been chosen because of the way that they give an agent ignore on various parts of life of the hero, which are youth, immaturity and development. In this way, they are appropriate for examination of constituents and attributes of accounts of commencement. Moreover, their various subjects just as courses of action offer a wide scope of material for examination. As the examination will concentrate on the meaning of accounts of commencement and the apparatus of these models on Hemingways short fiction, different parts of understanding (for example the frequently referenced personal substance or elaborate gadgets which are trademark for Hemingways I...

The Security Plan Assignment , Involves The Design Of A Security Plan

The Security Plan Assignment , Involves The Design Of A Security Plan The Security Plan Assignment , Involves The Design Of A Security Plan Based On A Given Case Study â€" Essay Example > Security PlanIntroductionInformation security refers to the assortment of technologies, policies, standards as well as management practices, which are used to keep information safe. In the current technology environment, firms are depending more on their information databases. Members of the public that are doing business with some organizations are more and more concerned regarding the correct use of their personal data. A wide range of threats to organizational information systems relating to terrorists and criminals are on the rise. Therefore, most organizations recognize information as a functional area that should be protected through the use of effective security plans and systems. Efficient and effective information security plans need commitment and direction from both senior management and subordinate staff (Khosrowpour, 2001, p. 141). A recent review of an organization’s information security control system established some deficiencies in certain key areas including, i ncident response, business continuity and disaster recovery, social engineering use of personnel, lack of employees’ awareness on the range of information threats, and defective password security. In this paper, a security plan will be designed based on this audit. ObjectivesThe general objective of this research is to develop a security plan to address the current and potential threats to the organization’s information. The specific objectives of the research include; To identify and elucidate the physical, human and electronic information holdings of the organization that may be at risk. To find out and describe the real and potential physical, human and electronic threats to the information holdings of the organization. To devise a security plan that expounds the physical, human and electronic measures to control the information holdings’ threats. To set up detailed information security awareness and education program including tested and innovative processes to enhance se curity and measures to assess the plan’s efficacy. To give recommendations on any necessary changes that may need to be done to the security plan to improve the organizational information security in the future. ScopeThis research will cover the information holdings of the organization that could be facing threats including physical, human and electronic holdings. It will also talk about the real threats that these holdings face. In addition, a security plan will be developed that will aim at countering the identified threats. The plan will also be based on the organization’s information security audit findings which comprise of incident response, social engineering use of personnel, business continuity and disaster recovery, lack of employees’ awareness on the range of information threats, and defective password security. Moreover, the research will cover an education and awareness program on information security for the organization which is to be used by the management, e mployees and contractors. Organizational information holdings at riskPhysical holdingsThere are several physical information holdings for the organization that are at risk. To start with, a big percentage of organizations use computers to record and analyze information. According to Quigley (2005, p. 35), such computers are at risk of being either stolen or people can access them without permission. In addition, servers are used in organizations to distribute information to the different functions within and outside the organization. The heads of the functions then distribute information to the personnel working under each function as well as to stakeholders that have business links with the organization. Servers are physical information holdings which are at risk of illegal access. Moreover, the organization use office telephones to communicate both within the organization and also to make external calls. Different employees are charged with receiving and making calls for differe nt purposes. However, there are cases where some employees may receive calls that are not meant for them and thus end up receiving information that they have no permission to. Another physical information holding is UPS which is used to avoid computer data loss from unexpected power failures and computer breakdowns. People with intentions to tamper with the information of the organization may interfere with the UPS to facilitate data loss. Furthermore, organizational information that is in hardcopy is at a very high risk since it can be stolen, read or amended. Besides, organizational information is stored in offices or rooms which can be broken into. Thus, such storage areas are at risk.

Organizational Change Management in FMC Green River Free Essay Example, 5000 words

Structured information about stakeholder preferences must be presented to the decision-maker and should be handled in a perfect manner that minimizes the difficulty of defending the decision process as reliable and fair. If the structured approaches are employed, they may be perceived as lacking the flexibility to adapt to localized concerns or faithfully represent minority viewpoints. As a result, the decision maker may not be able to utilize all available and necessary information in choosing between identified remedial and abatement alternatives. In response to current decision-making challenges, this paper develops a systematic framework for synthesizing quantitative and qualitative information that builds on the recent efforts andimplement new concepts in decision analysis and operations research. This will help to both facilitate analysis and provide for more robust treatment of stakeholder concerns. Decision analytical frameworks can be tailored to the needs of the individual decision maker or relate to multiple stakeholders. For individual decision-makers, risk-based decision analysis quantifies value judgments; scores different project alternatives on the criteria of interest and facilitates selection of a preferred course of action. For group problems, the process of quantifying stakeholder preferences may be more intensive, often incorporating aspects of group decision-making. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Change Management in FMC Green River or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Essay about Biography of Adam Smith - 3516 Words

Biography of Adam Smith Smith was one of those 18th century Scottish moral philosophers whose impulses led to our modern day theories; his work marks the breakthrough of an evolutionary approach which has progressively displaced the stationary Aristotelian view Invisible Hand:-  § Every individual necessarily labors to render the annual revenue of the society as great as he can. He generally indeed neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. He intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he†¦show more content†¦They are themselves always, and without any exception, the greatest spendthrifts in the society. Let them look well after their own expense, and they may safely trust private people with theirs. (vol. I, bk. II, ch. 3.) Science:-  § Science is the great antidote to the poison of enthusiasm and superstition. (The Wealth of Nations.)  § A system of natural philosophy [this is how they described science in those days] may appear very plausible, and be for a long time very generally received in the world, and yet have no foundation in nature, nor any sort of resemblance to the truth. (Theory of Moral Sentiments.) Introduction:- Malthus, in his less famous work, Definitions in Political Economy, set down four rules for formulating definitions. Lawyers will readily recognize these as authorless rules which they and the courts have used in statutory interpretation. The first is that when people use words we should expect others to interpret them in their ordinary sense, or dictionary meaning. The second rule -- given that some distinction is required -- is to adopt the meaning as used by the most celebrated writers. In adverting to the terms andShow MoreRelatedThe Biography Of Adam Smith1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe Biography of Adam Smith Adam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, Scotland in the year 1923, and died in the year 1790 at the age of 67 (Stewart, 1861). His exact date of birth is unknown but was baptized on 5th June 1723. His father was a prosecutor, advocate, and solicitor but passed on two months after his birth, leaving his mother to bring him up. His mother, Margaret Douglas, played a great role in his upbringing, especially in education. He joined the Burgh school where he learned history, writingRead MoreThe Invisible Hand By Adam Smith923 Words   |  4 Pagesperson. Obvious that is Adam Smith. Even though, after ten years or thousand years the economists will recall Adam Smith. Moreover, if you visit United Kingdom you can recognize Adam Smith face in the 50 and 20 pounds. ‘Man is an animal that makes bargains†- Adam Smith (Brainy Quote, (n.d)). That is underling the people’s instinct when they make a deal. â€Å"A person, who received his education through hard work, is like an expens ive Car’- Adam Smith (Brainy Quote, (n.d)). Adam Smith encouraged people toRead MoreEssay about Equality Is the Center of Society703 Words   |  3 PagesIndependence. Abigail Adams, wife of America’s second president John Adams, often wrote to her husband asking him to consider elevating women’s status so that they were equal to men (First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams). In a letter to her husband dated March 31, 1776 Adams wrote that she hoped â€Å"†¦you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them then your ancestors.† In the same letter she also states that all men are â€Å"Naturally Tyrannical† (Adams, Document 9), a statementRead MoreAdam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland on an unknown date. 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Credit risks in financial markets prior to credit crisis Free Essays

Introduction In the last 25 years, the world suffered boom-bust economical recycling .What impressed us was the serious financial crisis happened in 1930, however, the credit crunch in 2008 was even worse. It crisis is the culmination of a super boom that has lasted for more than twenty-five years and seems a sign of the end of an era of credit expansion based on the dollar as the international reserve currency. We will write a custom essay sample on Credit risks in financial markets prior to credit crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now It might be formed because of the bursting of the Internet bubble in late 2000.The Fed responded by cutting the federal funds rate from 6.5% to 3.5% within space of just a few months. Occasionally, came with the terrorist attack of September 11,2001.To counteract the disruption of the economy, the Fed continued to lower rates in half a century, where it stayed for a full year. For thirty-one consecutive months the base inflation-adjusted short-term interest rate was negative. These consequent activities remain the interest rate in a low level for years that the rational lender will keep on lending until there is no one else to lend to, when money is free, an explosion of leveraged buyouts, and other excesses became conventional. Meanwhile, an endangered supper housing bubble is growing silently. According to the national statistic in the U.S., from 2000 until mid-2005, the market value of existing homes grew by more than 50%, and there was a frenzy of new construction. A shocking discovery by Merrill was that about half of all American GDP growth in the first half of 2005 was housing related, either directly, through home building and housing-related purchases like new furniture, or indirectly, by spending the cash generated from the refinancing of mortgages. This means, starting around 2005, securitization became a mania. It was easy and fast to create â€Å"synthetic† securities that mimicked the risks of real securities but did not carry the expense of buying and assembling actual loans. Therefore, Risky paper could be multiplied well beyond the actual supply in the market. Conversely, this activity led to an enormous increase in the use of leverage. To hold ordinary bonds requires a margin of 10%; synthetic bonds created by credit default swaps can be traded on a margin of 1.5%. It turned to be an opportunity for those hedge funds to show good profits by exploiting risk differentials on a leveraged basis, driving down risk premiums. Credit risks in financial markets The story began in early 2007, signs of trouble started to multiply. On February 22, HSBC fired the head of its U.S mortgage lending business, recognizing losses reaching $10.8 billion. Later on, DR Horton, the biggest homebuilder, warned of losses from subprime mortgages on March 9. Three days after, New Century Financial, one of the biggest subprime lenders, had its shares suspended from trading amid fears that the company was headed for bankruptcy. Then it was reported that late payments on mortgages and home foreclosures rose to new highs. What`s more , Accredited Home Lenders Holding put up $2.7 billion of its subprime loan book for sale , on March 16, at a heavy discount to generate cash for business operations. Even worse on April 2, New Century Financial filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after it was forced to repurchase billions of dollars which were worth of bad loans. The effects of sub-prime problems were gradually spread across banks around the world when many of the mortgages had been bundled up and sold on to banks and investors. In July, investment bank Bear Stearns tells investors they will get little, if any, of the money invested in two of its hedge funds after rival banks refuse to help it bail them out. On 9 August 2007, investment bank BNP Paribas tells investors they will not be able to take money out of two of its funds because it cannot value the assets in them, for an excuse of a â€Å"complete evaporation of liquidity† in the market. Obviously, banks are refusing to do business with each other. On June 15, 2007, two large mortgage hedge funds of Bears stern were having trouble meeting margin calls. To cope with this, Bear grudgingly created a $3.2 billion credit line to bail out one fund and let the other collapse which indicated that investors` equity of $1.5 billion was mostly wiped out. As late as July 2007, Bernanke still estimated subprime losses at only about $100 billion. When Merrill Lynch and Citigroup took big write-down on in-house collateralized debt obligations, the markets actually staged a relief rally–The SP 500 hit a new high in mid-July. People release and think it naively finished. Somehow, it was only at the beginning of August that financial markets really took fright. Shockingly, Bear Stearns filed for bankruptcy protection for two hedge funds exposed to subprime loans and stopped clients from withdrawing cash from a third fund. Though it was useless, Bear Stearns had tried to save these entities by injecting $3.2 billion of additional funding. Liquidity risks in financial markets Everything that could go wrong, once the crisis erupted, financial markets unraveled with remarkable dramatically. Investment banks with large positions of CDOs to keep off balance sheet in so-called structured investment vehicles (SIVs). By issuing asset backed commercial paper, the investment banks financed their positions by SIVs. As the value of CDOs came into trouble, the asset-backed commercial paper market dried up, in order to keep the market liquid, the investment banks were forced to bail out their SIVs. Most investment banks took the SIVs into their balance sheet and surrendered to commit that large losses were in the process. Consequently, Investment banks were sitting on large loan commitments to finance leveraged buyouts. Normally, they would package these loans as collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and sell them off, but the CLO market came to a standstill together with the CDO market, and the banks were left holding a bag worth about $250 billion. Some banks allow ed their SIVs to go bust, and some reneged on their leveraged buyout obligations. This, together with the size of the losses incurred by the banks, served to unnerve the stock market, and price movements became chaotic. So-called market-neutral hedge funds, which exploit small discrepancies in market prices by using very high leverage, ceased to be market neutral and incurred unusual losses. A few highly leveraged ones were wiped out, damaging the reputation of their sponsors and unleashing lawsuits. The banking system suffered all this pressures. They had to put additional items on their balance sheets at a time when their capital base was impaired by unexpected losses. Banks had difficulty assessing their exposure and even greater difficulties estimating the exposure of their counterparts. Similarly, they were reluctant to lend to each other and eager to save their liquidity. At the very beginning, central banks found it difficult to inject enough liquidity due to commercial banks avoiding used any of the facilities which had a responsible to attach them, and they were also ignored to deal with each other, meanwhile, these obstacles were overcome .After all, if there is one thing central banks know how to do, that is to provide liquidity. Only the Bank of England suffered a major debacle when it attempted to rescue Northern Rock, an overextended mortgage lender. Its rescue effort resulted in a run on the bank. Eventually Northern Rock was nationalized and its obligations added to the national debt, pushing the United Kingdom beyond the limits imposed by the Maastricht Treaty. Extreme uncertainty and volatility in financial markets The banking sector tended to filled with liquidity, however, the crisis refused to abate. Credit spreads continued to widen. Correlated that almost all the major banks—Citigroup, Merrill Lynch, Lehman Brothers, Bank of America, Wachovia, UBS, Credit Suisse—announced major write-downs in the final quarter of the year, and most have signaled continued write-downs , separately, most others have signaled continued write-downs in 2008. Both AIG and Credit Suisse made preliminary fourth-quarter write-down announcements that they repeatedly revised, conveying the doubtless accurate impression that they had lost control of their balance sheets. A failed with $7.2 billion trading at Societe Generale announced in January 2008, coincided with a selling climax in the stock market and an extraordinary 75 basis point cut in the federal funds rate eight days before the regularly scheduled meeting, when the rate was cut a further 50 basis points. This was unprecedented. Distress spread from residential real estate to credit card debt, auto debt, and commercial real estate. Trouble at the monocline insurance companies, which traditionally specialized in municipal bonds but ventured into insuring structured and synthetic products, caused the municipal bond market to be disrupted. With the intension of credit market, numourous of entities went bankruptcy. This called for large amount of compensation by the insurance companies. No doubt that an even larger unresolved problem is looming in the credit default swaps market (CDSs). Changing in structure of financial landscape The effect of the crisis and the way ahead Over the past several decades the United States has weathered several major financial crises, like the international lending crisis of the 1980s and the savings and loan crisis of the early 1990s.But the current crisis is of an entirely different character. It has spread from one segment of the market to others, particularly those which employ newly created structured and synthetic instruments. Both the exposure and the capital base of the major financial institutions have been brought into question, and the uncertainties are likely to remain unresolved for an extended period of time. This is impeding the normal functioning of the financial system and is liable to have far-reaching consequences for the real economy. Conclusion Both the financial markets and the financial authorities have been very slow to recognize that the real economy is bound to be affected. It is hard to understand why this should be so. The real economy was stimulated by credit expansion. Why should it not be negatively affected by credit contractionOne cannot escape the conclusion that both the financial authorities and market participants harbor fundamental misconceptions about the way financial markets function. These misconceptions have manifested themselves not only in a failure to understand what is going on; they have given rise to the excesses which are at the root of the current market turmoil. How to cite Credit risks in financial markets prior to credit crisis, Essay examples

The Development And Impact Of Romanricism On free essay sample

The Eupropean World Essay, Research Paper Romanticism, in a manner, was a reaction against stiff Classicism, Rationalism, and Deism of the 18th century. Strongest in application between 1800 and 1850, the Romantic Movement differed from state to state and from sentimentalist to romanticist. Because it emphasized alteration it was an ambiance in which events occurred and came to impact non merely the manner worlds thought and expressed themselves, but besides the manner they lived socially and politically. ( Abrams, M.H. Pg. 13 ) # 8220 ; Romanticism emphasized the person, the subjective, the irrational, the inventive, the personal, the self-generated, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental, # 8221 ; ( www.go.grolier.com/romanticism ) Among the characteristic attitudes of Romanticism were the undermentioned: a deepened grasp of the beauties of nature ; a general ecstasy of emotion over ground and of the senses over mind ; a turning in upon the ego and heightened scrutiny of human personality and its tempers and mental potencies ; a preoccupation with mastermind, the hero, and the exceeding figure in general, and a focal point on his passions and interior battles ; a new position of the creative person as a supremely single Godhead, whose originative spirit is more of import that rigorous attachment to formal regulations and traditional processs ; an obsessional involvement in folk civilization, national and cultural cultural beginnings, and the medieval epoch ; and a fancy for the alien, the remote, the cryptic, the Wyrd, the monstrous, the diseased, and even the satanic. We will write a custom essay sample on The Development And Impact Of Romanricism On or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ( Barzun, Jaques. Pg 157-159 ) Romanticism was preceded by several related developments from the mid-18th century that can be called Pre-Romanticism. Among such tendencies was a new grasp of the medieval love affair, from which the Romantic Movement derives its name. ( Abrams, M.H. Pg. 261 ) The love affair was a narrative or lay of knightly escapade whose accent on single gallantry and on the alien and cryptic was in clear contrast to the elegant formality and artificiality of widespread Classical signifiers of literature, such as Gallic Neoclassical calamity. This new involvement in comparatively unworldly but emotional literary looks of the yesteryear was to be a dominant note in Romanticism. ( Frenz, Horst and Stallknecht, Newton P. pgs 70-73 ) Romanticism in English literature began in the 1790 # 8217 ; s was the publication of Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Cloeridge. Wordsworth # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Preface # 8221 ; to the 2nd edition ( 1800 ) of Lyrical Ballads, in which he describes poesy as # 8220 ; the self-generated flood of powerful feelings, # 8221 ; became the pronunciamento of the English Romantic Movement in poesy. ( Thompson, E.P. Pgs 33-34 ) The first stage of Romantic Movement was in Germany, which was marked by the inventions in both content and literary manner and by a preoccupation with the mystical, the subconscious, and the supernatural. ( Abrams, M.H. Pg.68 ) The most momentous national motion was Germany # 8217 ; s. The Germans rebelled non merely against Napoleonic regulation but against the century old upper manus of Gallic civilisation. They rebelled non merely against the Gallic ground forcess but against the doctrine of the Age of Enlightenment. # 8220 ; The old ages of the Gallic Revolution and Napoleon were, for Germany, the twelvemonth of it greatest Cultural Efflorescence. # 8221 ; ( Abrams, M.H. Pg. 73 ) Germany became the most # 8220 ; romantic # 8221 ; of all states, and German influence spread throughout Europe. In the 19th century, the Germans came to be widely regarded as rational leaders, like the Gallic had been a century before. Most of the German idea had come from patriotism in a wide sense. A wealth of endowments, including Friedrich H? lderlin, the early Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Jean Paul, Novalis, Ludwig Tieck, A.W. and Friedrich Schlegel, Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder, and Friedrich Schelling belong to this first stage. In Revolutionary France, the Vicomte de Chateabriande and Mme de Stael were the main instigators of Romanticism, by virtuousness of their influential historical and theoretical Hagiographas. ( Abrams, M.H. Pg. 81 ) While Wordsworth and Coleridge # 8217 ; s Lyrical Ballads are by and large taken to tag the formal beginning of English romanticism, of import elements of the motion were formed throughout the eighteenth century. The British landscape and deep yesteryear were explored and reinvented in diverse ways by James Thomson, Thomas Gray, James Macpherson, and Thomas Chatterton, assisting to set up the gustatory sensations for balladry and nature on which Wordsworth and Coleridge drew. ( Thompson, E.P. Pgs 111-113 ) William Blake, Wordsworth, and Coleridge constitute the early romantics. They join together chiefly because their art and idea developed in direct response to the Gallic Revolution. Early disciples to the Revolution # 8217 ; s principles, all three authors were repulsed by its violent extremes under the Terror and its reversion to strongman regulation under Napoleon. Their societal doctrines developed clearly spiritual dramatis personaes, stressing religious development instead than direct political action. The younger romantics are Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats, whose political attitudes were clearly more broad than the ulterior positions of their precursors, particularly Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Robert Southey, by whom they were clearly influenced but of whom they were frequently contemptuously critical. ( Thompson, E.P. Pgs.127-136 ) English romanticism is distinguished for its lyric poesy: Blake # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; The Tyger # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; London, # 8221 ; Wordworth # 8217 ; s Tintern Abbey and his # 8220 ; Intimations # 8221 ; ode, Coleridge # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Frost at Midnight # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; Dejection, # 8221 ; Shelley # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Ode to the West Wind # 8221 ; and Adonai s, Keats’s â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† and † Ode on a Greek Urn† , and Byron’s â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† are among the most famed verse forms in the linguistic communication. English romantic poets besides aspired to creation on a greater graduated table, as seen in Wordsworth’s The Prelude, the 14-book narration of his ain poetic development, Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner, and Shelley’s ambitious verse-drama Prometheus Unbound. English romanticism is besides singular for its prose authorship, particularly its literary unfavorable judgment and its fiction. Romantic unfavorable judgment is best represented by Coleridge # 8217 ; s Biographia Literaria ( 1817 ) , which develops his theory of the imaginativeness ; Shelley # 8217 ; s Defense of Poetry ( 1821 ) , which articulates the function of the poet as the # 8220 ; unacknowledged legislator of world # 8221 ; ; and The Spirit of the Age ( 1825 ) by William Hazlitt, which in a series of profiles which traces the connexions among political relations, society, and the humanistic disciplines. English romantic fiction is dominated by three figures. Sir Walter Scott was already an tremendously successful poet when he published his first novel, Waverley, in 1814. The twine of # 8220 ; Waverley # 8221 ; novels that followed feature historical scenes and cardinal characters caught between two civilizations. With the possible exclusion of Byron, Scott exerted more world-wide influence than any other British romantic author. The universe represented by Jane Austen is smaller in graduated table but every bit of import. # 8220 ; Austen perfected the domestic novel, concentrating on inside informations of character and carefully nuanced dialogue. # 8221 ; Pride and Prejudice ( 1813 ) remains one of the universe # 8217 ; s favored novels. Finally, in Frankenstein ( 1818 ) , Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley invented the signifier known today as scientific discipline fiction. ( Thompson, E.P. Pgs. Many ) The 2nd stage of Romanticism, consisting the period from about 1805 to the 1830s, was marked by a quickening of cultural patriotism and a new attending to national beginnings, as attested by the aggregation and imitation of native folklore, common people laies and poesy, common people dance and music, and even antecedently ignored medieval and Renaissance plants. Sir Walter Scott, who invented the historical novel, translated the revived historical grasp into inventive authorship. At about this same clip English Romantic poesy had reached its zenith in the plants of John Keats, Lord Byron, and Percy Bysshe Shelley. ( Thompson, E.P. Pg. 143 ) Despite holding been both the state whose political events most clearly molded European romanticism and the on the job place of the motion # 8217 ; s philosophic primogenitor, Swiss-born Jean Jacques Rousseau, France experienced a late blossoming of romanticism, which did non make its extremum until the 1830s and # 8217 ; 40s, when its force had weakened in England and Germany. ( Barzun, Jaques. Pg. 124 ) Reasons for this prevarication in France # 8217 ; s holding been the centre of the Enlightenment idea and its holding served throughout the Revolutionary period as a trial bed for progressive political orientation. Bitter contentions affecting political and spiritual truenesss accompanied the outgrowth of romanticism in France. The chief battle took topographic point in the theatre. It included breaks of public presentations of William Shakespeare # 8217 ; s dramas in 1822 and culminated in the ill-famed conflict between the warring parties on the gap dark of Victor Hugo # 8217 ; s play Hernani ( 1830 ) . The lyric poesy of Alphonse de Lamartine, Musset, and Hugo was romantic in its marked personal emotionalism and led, necessarily, to Charles Baudelaire # 8217 ; s Fleurs du mal, possibly Gallic romanticism # 8217 ; s most utmost look. ( Barzun, Jaques. Pgs. Many ) A celebrated byproduct of the Romantic involvement in the emotional were plants covering with the supernatural, the Wyrd, and the atrocious, as in Mary Shelley # 8217 ; s Frankenstein and plants by C.R. Maturin, the Marquis de Sade, and E.T.A. Hoffmann. Achim von Arnim, Clemens Brentano, J.J. von G? rres, and Joseph von Eichendorff dominated the 2nd stage of Romanticism in Germany. ( Abrams, M.H. Pgs 362-363 ) By the 1820s Romanticism had broadened to encompass the literatures of about all of Europe. In this ulterior, 2nd, stage, the motion was less cosmopolitan in attack and concentrated more on researching each state # 8217 ; s historical and cultural heritage and on analyzing the passions and battles of exceeding persons. ( Frenz, Horst and Stallknecht, Newton P. Pgs 289-290 ) A brief study of Romantic or Romantic-influenced authors across the Continent would hold to include Thomas De Quincey, William Hazlitt, and the Bront? sisters in England ; Victor Hugo, Alfred de Vigny, Alphonse de Lamartine, Alfred de Musset, Stendhal, Prosper M? rim? vitamin E, Alexandre Dumas ( Dumas P? rhenium ) , and Th? ophile Gautier in France. Alessandro Manzoni and Giacomo Leopardi in Italy ; Aleksandr Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov in Russia ; Jos? de Espronceda and? ngel de Saavedra in Spain ; Adam Mickiewicz in Poland ; and about all of the of import authors in pre-Civil War America. ( Frenz, Horst and Stallknecht, Newton P. ) Romanticism destroyed the clear simpleness and integrity of idea which characterized the 18th century. There was no longer one doctrine, which expressed all the purposes and ideals of Western Civilization. Romanticism provided a more complex, but truer, position of the existent universe. Bibliography Abrams, M.H. Natural Supernaturalism. New York: W.W. Norton A ; Company, 1971. Barzun, Jaques. Classic Romantic and Modern. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1943. Frenz, Horst A ; Stallknecht, Newton P. Comparative Literature. London: Feffer A ; Simons, Inc, 1971 Thompson, E.P. The Romantics: England in a Revolutionary Age. New York: The New Press, 1997. www.go.grolier.com/romanticism

Personal Narrative The Diagnosis Essay Example

Personal Narrative The Diagnosis Essay Example Personal Narrative The Diagnosis Essay Personal Narrative The Diagnosis Essay Essay Topic: Narrative Its been 10 long months of having restless nights and going back and forth to the hospital.I remember walking into Smilow Cancer hospital for the first time. I didnt know what to expect really.I just thought that it would be a depressing place, but its not. All the patients are so positive and full of joy.At the time I didnt understand why, but now I do.It was because they made it through one more day, and beat cancer before it beat them. December 22, 2013.I was in the medical transportation with my grandmother ( I call her Nana) heading back home.I got a room call from where we had just left.It was my mother. She said that there was something wrong with her and to write something down but she had no idea what it was because he was just walking around and finishing up her Christmas shopping!The driver noticed my urgency and handed me the note pad. I did t know what was going on, but at the same it, I knew. I knew that my mom was ill form the start. I even did some research about two weeks before.Her thyroids were inflamed, she was weak and always drowsy, run down. I know what your thinking, YOU CANT ALWAYS TRUST THE INTERNET. Like my father says.Now, Im no doctorbut cancer is far too familiar with my family. December 23,2013. I was just at my dads house celebrating Christmas because my mom was in the hospital he was willing to switch the visitation time so I can be with her for Christmas.Me, still not knowing exactly whats wrong, just thought that he was overreacting, but it was nice of him.As I was walking down the hall making my way to her room, the smells gave me flashbacks of when my grandmother used to be at the hospital all the time because of her series of mini strokes (Ive lost count). The general smell was that powder for the gloves that the doctors and nurses put on and clean sweat There really isnt any other way to describe it. I came to room 204 that displayed my moms name. I to

Top 5 Tracking Apps for Your 2017 Goals

Top 5 Tracking Apps for Your 2017 Goals If you’re anything like me, you come up with a ton of great resolutions and goals for the new year in a flurry of year-end cheer and optimism, then lose steam somewhere around†¦ February. That’s because all the good intentions in the world can’t necessarily compete with day-to-day distractions and realities. That’s why a good organizational tool is capital-E Essential. There are many different goal-tracking apps and forms you can use to keep you going throughout the year. These free (or low-cost) resources can mean the difference between hitting those goals and re-making them for next year because things didn’t pan out quite the way you intended.1.  AsanaCategory: Web-based productivity toolPrice: free to download and use, with optional in-app purchasesAsana is a project-tracking app that can organize any goal or project into broad tasks, with more granular subtasks. You can make notes on every piece of the project, as well as due dates, and Asana will email you reminders about upcoming milestones. If you have other people involved (as in a work project or a social plan), you can â€Å"assign† various tasks and subtasks to others. Asana is handy for creating specific, manageable goals throughout the year. Also, when you check off a task as â€Å"complete,† you may see a unicorn flashing across the screen to celebrate. How can you go wrong with unicorns?The website (as well as optional mobile apps) is free to use, but premium subscribers can create unlimited projects and receive additional data analysis.2.  GoalsOnTrackCategory: Goal tracking softwarePrice: $68/year membershipGoalsOnTrack is a full-service goal-setting and action plan tool. Whether you’re planning a project in the workplace or managing logistics for a family vacation, GoalsOnTrack offers a system for setting SMART goals to keep things chunked and realistic, creating an action plan that will carry you through the timeline you set, a nd printing out day planner sheets to keep you in the loop on a daily basis.An account costs $68 per year (approximately $5.67 per month), but there is a 30-day risk free trial available.3.  StridesCategory: Mobile appPrice: free to download and use, with optional in-app purchasesYou like dashboards? Strides has dashboards. Lots of dashboards. Strides gives you charts and real-time data on your smartphone or tablet, with reminders to help you form (and stick to!) good habits. Strides is totally flexible- you can track your progress on the go, and have your goal information at your fingertips no matter where you are. It also offers four different types of trackers: Target (specific one-time goal), Average (ongoing periodic goal), Milestones (specific goal with multiple steps), and Habit (ongoing general goal).4.  Coach.MeCategory: Mobile appPrice: free to download and use, with optional premium subscriptions for personal coachingIf encouragement and public accountability are what you need to stay on top of your goals, then Coach.Me might be the right tool for you. The app itself features tracking and goal-setting tools that you can use on your own. Coach.me also has a robust community where users can share goals and offer support and feedback. Both the trackers and the community are free to use when you set up an account. If you’d like to take it to the next level and get expert help on your goals, you can subscribe for varying price points to have regular interactions with a personalized coach.5.  IrunurunCategory: Mobile appPrice: free to download and useIrunurun keeps you accountable to your goals by offering progress meters and giving you points for each bit of progress you make. Ideally, by the time you hit your goal, you’ve got a score of 100. It may not offer you ice cream when you hit a goal, but you get the satisfaction of hitting that triple-digit milestone. The hard numbers can help you focus on particular tasks or habits that wil l ultimately get you to that endpoint.Even if a productivity app isn’t for you, there are plenty of online forms and templates you can print out and keep on your fridge, at your desk, next to your bathroom sink, wherever you want it to go:Goal Setting for SuccessSmart Goals GuideTechnoriGoal Setting BasicsTidy FormsNow that you have your 2017 goals in hand and the tools to organize them, go forth and succeed!

Individual assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Individual assignment - Essay Example In the next section, these two articles will be discussed briefly and after that, implication of the content of these two articles will be analyzed. Question 1 Article 1: Failure on gas could hit GDP by $14bn Tasker (2013) reported that Australian government is developing new gas supplies in New South Wales (NSW) but failure of this development would not only affect the wholesale price index of market in the country but also cause reduction in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by more than $14 billion in next 22 years. Although, Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association (APPEA) states that the country has significant amount of scope to develop its gas and petroleum reserve in the east coast but there is argument that development of coal-seam gas would negatively affect the economic growth of the country. Tasker (2013) reported that at present, NSW imports gas from other states and developing gas would definitely reduce gas price in the state. There are three pertinent is sues in this case such as 1- developing CSG assets in NSW would increase resource capability of Australian government and that would decrease wholesale price index and volatility of economy in the country (Tasker, 2013). Developing gas reserves in NSW would help the Australian government to create jobs in the area between Newcastle, Sydney and Wollongong. 2- Developing CSG assets in NSW would be matter of great interest for local oil companies in Australia. As of now, 95% of gas resources are being imported by NSW and local companies need to pay heavy amount of tax to use the imports but development of gas resources in NSW would probably increase resource availability of local Australian oil companies and due to availability of gas, gas export driven revenue for local oil companies would shot up (Tasker, 2013). 3- Developing gas sector would probably increase national competitiveness of Australia and provide opportunity to multinational oil companies to enter the gas market in NSW. However, developing gas and oil sector in NSW could decrease command of international companies over Australian companies regarding the supply of gas and crude oil. It’s expected that Australian companies would go for low cost local gas supply rather than importing it from International players and such change in supply-demand equation would decrease bargaining power of international oil companies (Tasker, 2013). Article 2: Australian businesses must grab Indonesian opportunity Durie (2013) reported that Australian government is trying to increase business transactions with Indonesia and it is quite evident from the visit of Australian Prime Minister to Indonesia in order to strengthen the business, economic and political tie-ups. At present, Indonesia is the fourth largest country in terms of population in the world and the country can be the potential doorstep for Australian companies to enter business environment ASEAN countries. Australian government is also taking help o f the leading companies such as Leighton, ANZ and Coca Cola to decide the business and trade policies that could increase ease of doing business in Indonesia. Three implications of this article can be briefed in the following manner. 1- Australian government is trying to boost up its economy and GDP growth by increasing trade transactions with Indonesia (having GDP growth over 6%) and also trying to achieve the first mover advantage for

Nike's Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nike's - Case Study Example The company lacked the diversification on its products and produced products for only some specific consumers. It shunned sports like soccer, rollerblading and golf and focused more efforts on making shoes for basketball and track market. This lead to falling of the sales in the market and the company realized that it had to increase its sales. As a result, the company took its designs and marketing competencies and crafted new lines of shoes for its consumers. It lined a new line of soccer shoes and started winning a big market share from the soccer market. The company lacked competences in marketing and design. To improve on it design it purchased other foot wear companies that were complimenting its products. The company lacked a marketing design of convincing its customers that its products were the best. Nike is now searching for new market acquisitions to improve its market share (Henderson et al, 2). The focus of developing new products for new market segments has proved to be a

Grapes Of Wrath - Stereotyping :: essays research papers

Stereotyping and Its Effects Stereotyping, brought on by the existence of a class system, has many positive effects in John Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath. This class system, made up of migrants and affluent people, is present due to the fact that many of the affluent people stereotype the migrants as poor, uneducated, and easily agitated human beings. Thus, this sets a boundary between the educated individuals and migrants. At first, most migrants ignore the effects stereotyping has on them. But towards the end of their journeys to California, the migrants’ rage that had been gradually building up inside lets out and the migrants take action. The effects are more positive as the migrants strive for an education, receive sympathy, and calmly deal with conflicts. Farm owners, successful businessmen, and generally all inhabitants of the Mid-West have a sense that all migrants are dumb, uneducated people in 1939. They lower wages for fruit-picking at farms which were the only jobs offered to the migrants because of their proposed lack of intelligence. But migrants do not necessarily choose not to educate themselves. Ma Joad announces to her family that she will send her two youngest children to school once they are settled. Connie, Rose of Sharon’s husband, also plans out his goals with Rose of Sharon saying, â€Å"An’ he’s [Connie] gonna study at home, maybe radio, so he can git to be an expert . . . † The migrants have their mind already set on education and chose not to be ignorant all of their lives. Often in Grapes of Wrath, the affluent people stereotype the migrants as poor and penniless. As the Joads pull into the gas station, the attendant immediately asks, â€Å"Got any money?† He views the Joads as one of many poor, migrant families arriving to beg for some gas. But not all people who view migrants as poverty-stricken, hungry people see them in such a way. Mae, a waitress at one of the restaurants pities a family asking for bread and shows her compassion by letting the children have candy for much less than its worth. Instead of the anticipated let-down, the migrants receive pity from those with compassion and sympathy. Not only do affluent individuals see the migrants as uneducated and penniless, but also as easily agitated human beings. Because farm workers are afraid that these migrants may someday take over their farms, they try to make the migrants’ stay more unwelcoming.

Djoser vs Zinggurat

Bih Mancho Proff Vick Art 104 24 September, 2011 Djoser vs. Ziggurat Djoser, the Third Dynasty King gave permission for the earliest known architectural monument in Egypt to be constructed â€Å"The Step Pyramid†. The Architect behind this great structure was someone whom worked very closely with Djoser in governing Saqqara, His Prime Minister, by name Imhotop. Imhotep is the first architect in history to be identified. In the beginning Imhotep intended to make Djosers tomb a one floor mastaba it was only later on that he made the decision to make it bigger.It was the final structure is what was given the name the Step Pyramid. (Stokstad53) This structure was built as a result of elaborate Egyptian funerary practices to make sure that those who died actually moved on into the afterlife safely and effectively (Stokstad53) The Ziggurat on the other hand was constructed under the rule of King Urnammu of Ur. During his reign the king Urnammu funded a good number of building campai gns. As a result of his sponsorship the well-known Ziggurat was constructed with a concept of imperial authority (pg36).Both structures were quite vast in size and seem to have covered a large area of land. The Ziggurate was constructed with mud brick while that of the Pyramid was constructed with limestone. The Ziggurat had a rectangular base of 205 by 141 feet with 3 sets of stairs which all came together at the entrance gate (Stokstad36). The Pyramid on the other hand is a 92 foot shaft that descended from the original mustaba. Enclosed within the pyramid a descending corridor at the base of the step pyramid provided an entrance from outside to the burial ground (Stokstad53).In my opinion the Nanna Ziggurat is more appeling to the eye than the structure of the Step Pyramid. The Ziggurate was constructed as a dedication to the moon god Nanna, also called Sin (pg36). The Pyramid was equally created with respect to a certain god but it served two purposes. The Step Pyramid signified a stairway to the Sun god Ra but it also served another purpose. It protected the tomb in which the kings mummified body was buried. (Stokstad53). It provided a comfortable home for the Ka of the departed king. So that even after death he would be able to watch over Egypt and make sure the country remained in he good state in which they left it. In my opinion the Step Pyramid has more of a meaningful background story to it than the Ziggurat. It is much more than just a large magnificent monument created to worship a god unlike the Ziggurat, the Pyramid served a purpose on earth as well as in the heavens. I believe if so much time and hard work is put into developing such a marvelous structure at least it should serve some purpose to the people of the land on which it was built not just to praise a god or to signify authority but to preserve the culture and history of the people.

Domestication History of Rye

Rye (Secale cereale subspecies cereale) was likely fully domesticated from its weedy relative (S. cereale ssp segetale) or perhaps S. vavilovii, in Anatolia or the Euphrates River valley of what is today Syria, at least as early as 6600 BC, and perhaps as early as 10,000 years ago. Evidence for domestication is at Natufian sites such as Can Hasan III in Turkey at 6600 cal BC (calendar years BC); domesticated rye reached central Europe (Poland and Romania) about 4,500 cal BC. Today rye is grown on about 6 million hectares in Europe where it is mostly used for making bread, as animal feed and forage, and in the production of rye and vodka. Prehistorically rye was used for food in a variety of ways, as animal fodder and for straw for the thatched rooves. Characteristics Rye is a member of the Triticeae tribe of Pooideae subfamily of the Poaceae grasses, meaning it is closely related to wheat and barley. There are around 14 different species of the Secale genus, but only S. cereale is domesticated. Rye is allogamous: its reproductive strategies promote outcrossing. Compared to wheat and barley, rye is relatively tolerant to frost, drought, and marginal soil fertility. It has an enormous genome size (~8,100 Mb), and its resistance to frost stress appears to be a result of the high genetic diversity among and within rye populations. The domestic forms of rye have larger seeds than wild forms as well as a non-shattering rachis (the part of the stem that holds the seeds onto the plant). Wild rye is free-threshing, with a tough rachis and loose chaff: a farmer can free the grains by a single threshing since straw and chaff are eliminated by a single round of winnowing. Domestic rye maintained the free-threshing characteristic and both forms of rye are vulnerable to ergot and to munching by pesky rodents while still ripening. Experimenting with Rye Cultivation There is some evidence that Pre-Pottery Neolithic (or Epi-Paleolithic) hunters and gatherers living in the Euphrates valley of northern Syria cultivated wild rye during the cool, arid centuries of the Younger Dryas, some 11,000-12,000 years ago. Several sites in northern Syria show that increased levels of rye were present during the Younger Dryas, implying that the plant must have been specifically cultivated to survive. Evidence discovered at Abu Hureyra (~10,000 cal BC), TellAbr (9500-9200 cal BC), Mureybet 3 (also spelled Murehibit, 9500-9200 cal BC), Jerf el Ahmar (9500-9000 cal BC), and Djade (9000-8300 cal BC) includes the presence of multiple querns (grain mortars) placed in food processing stations and charred wild rye, barley, and einkorn wheat grains. In several of these sites, rye was the dominant grain. Ryes advantages over wheat and barley are its ease of threshing in the wild stage; it is less glassy than wheat and can be more easily prepared as food (roasting, grinding, boiling and mashing). Rye starch is hydrolyzed to sugars more slowly and it produces a lower insulin response than wheat, and is, therefore, more sustaining than wheat. Weediness Recently, scholars have discovered that rye, more than other domesticated crops has followed a weedy species type of domestication process--from wild to weed to crop and then back to weed again. Weedy rye (S. cereale ssp segetale) is distinctive from the crop form in that it includes stem shattering, smaller seeds and a delay in flowering time. It has been found to have spontaneously redeveloped itself out of the domesticated version in California, in as few as 60 generations. 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